Concern lands better when it describes what happened and offers one concrete next step.

Pick a time when the person is as rested and medically stable as possible. Use observations instead of labels: “You have not slept for three nights, you missed work, and I am scared,” is clearer than an argument about whether someone is an addict.

A useful structure

1. Name what you saw. Be specific and recent.
2. Name the effect. Explain the safety, health, work, money, or relationship impact.
3. Offer one next step. Call SAMHSA together, arrange a medical visit, drive to an assessment, or sit nearby during a 988 call.
4. State your boundary. Describe what you will do, such as leaving when there is violence or refusing to provide money.
5. Keep the door visible. “I will help you get treatment when you are ready” is more useful than a threat you cannot or will not carry out.

You cannot make another adult recover. You can reduce immediate danger, stop financing harmful behavior, protect children and other household members, and make help easier to reach. Call 911 for immediate danger. Call or text 988 if the conversation involves suicide, crisis, or fear that someone may harm themselves.